Metodologi (Bab 3)
Okay kita dah masuk ke bab 3 ya. Bab 3 ini bab metadologi. Metadologi ni memang kita bila salah huraian. kalau salah huraian memang salah semuanya ya. Jadi kalau kita lihat dalam bab 3 .Okay kita ada banyak subtopik tujuannya supaya kita sendiri faham darjah pemeriksa pun faham orang lain yang luar di mana-mana sahaja yang berada dalam Malaysia luar negara bila baca pun faham kerana kita huraikan secara kita menjalankan kajian. Itu namanya metodologi. Jadi di sini kita lihat kita ada banyak subtopik ya banyak subtopik di sini iaitu pengenalan, reka bentuk kajian, kaedah kajian. Kaedah kajian dibahagi kepada sampel jika perlulah, maknanya kalau ada adalah kita menggunakan sampel dan juga kita ada lokasi kalau kita menggunakan responden untuk kat sekolah ke dekat mana manalah orang kampung ke kemudian kita ada bahan ataupun instrumen kajian kita ada prosedur analisis kanan ke kiri kanan ke konseptual dan juga kesimpulan. Okay, seperti biasa pengenalan kita tadi dalam satu perenggan itu tak ada masalahlah iaitu 3.1 pengenalan. Kemudian kita ada rekabentuk. Okay rekabentuk dalam rekabentuk huraian itu dalam pendek je sebenarnya dalam satu perenggan je sebab kita jangan keliru ya kita cuma dalam rekabentuk ni cuma kita nak jelaskan bahawa adakah kita menggunakan kaedah kualitatif atau kuantitatif. Okay, jadi itu kalau kita gunakan kedua-duanya kita jelaskanlah. Okay jadi kalau misalnya awak nak buat rujukan sikit dekat sini ke menurut siapa-siapa tapi adalah wajar untuk tidak beri definisi, nak buat apa kita nak bagi definisi kuantitatif lah kemudian kualitatif lah nak buat apa, tak perlu ni. Cuma kita memberikan bahawa sebab ingat ya bab 3 ni huraian tentang kajian kita yang kita nak jalankan ni jadi dalam satu perenggan cerita pasal kualitatif atau kuantitatif atau kedua-duanya.
Kemudian kita masuk ke 3.3 baru kaedah kajian. Kaedah kajian ini barulah yang kita nak jalankan kajian apa kaedah yang kita gunakan. Jadi kalau di sini kalau kita gunakan sampel kita letak lah kita kan letaklah siapa. Jadi kalau okay kita beri contohnya kalau sampel kajian saya, saya menggunakan 20 orang pelajar jadi sekarang ini saya kena pastikan bahawa saya kena huraikan dengan terperinci iaitu saya pakai ni, saya pakai Sekolah Rendah lelaki berapa perempuan berapa umur 9 tahun kena spesifik ya kena spesifik kalau yang laki-laki perempuan tu kena tulis berapa lelaki berapa perempuan okay sekolah rendah ini pelajar sekolah rendah kita dah cakap sekolah rendah bukan kemudian kita ada satu lagi subtopik iaitu lokasi. Lokasi ini kita kena letaklah contoh saya contohnya Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang. Masalahnya sekarang saya tahu sekolah tu kat mana pemeriksa tak tahu okay pemeriksa tu tengok tu mungkin tinggal di negeri lain dia tak tahu kat mana mungkin kita akan letak koordinat okay. Dan lebih bagus letak peta. Peta daripada Google Map ke daripada apa yang jelas menunjukkan lokasi sekolah ini daripada jalan besar daripada buat supaya betul sekolah ni di sini dan juga dan juga kena tahulah ni sekolah di luar bandar ataupun bandar jadi kena jelas terperinci itu yang saya kata dalam metodologi ni kena kena terperinci jadi lokasi. Kemudian kita ada bahan okay tadi kita punya apa nama ni kita punya kajian ini tadi tentang wacana tekstual skrip animasi ya. Jadi sekarang ini kita saya ada sampel saya ada lokasi. Okay kajian ini memang sampel tu sebab kita ambil yang pelajar sekolah untuk kita nak temu bual pasal skrip animasi yang saya kasi. saya juga ada bahan okay ataupun instrumen saya gunakan jadi yang ini ni saya pakai tapi animasi kan, animasi cerita rakyat jadi sekarang ini ceritalah tentang bahan ni cerita tentang animasi cerita rakyat terbitan Dewan Bahasa Pustaka yang ditulis oleh Norliza Abd Rahim pada tahun ini. Ini animasi cerita rakyat ni saya yang tulis ya dan lagu dan lirik lagu skrip semua saya yang buat ya dan diterbitkan oleh Dewan Bahasa Pustaka dan kalau nak tengok boleh tengok di Google Store memang saya dah ada di Google Store ada 33 buah cerita dan 33 buah lagu ni promosi tiba-tiba. Okay ni sekarang ini bolehlah kalau siapa-siapa nak tunjuk kepada anak saudara ataupun jiran punya anak saudara atau jiran punya jiran punya jiran anak saudara ataupun anak dia cucu dia pun boleh murah je sebenarnya kita jual dan semua itu animasi itu saya yang buat memang saya buat dan Dewan Bahasa Pustaka yang terbitkan maknanya memang bahasanya bagus dan cerita rakyat ialah cerita rakyat Melayu kita turun temurun silalah tengok kat Google ya Google Store dekat Apple tak ada ya Ampun. Okay jadi sekarang yang bahan ini tadi kita masukkan ini kemudian di sini juga kita akan letak apa sinopsis cerita rakyat. Contohnya tajuk cerita rakyat nombor satu iaitu cenderawasih, contohnya saya terletak ni saya perlu letak sinopsis sebab sekarang kita perlu ingat kita tahu cerita ni tetapi pemeriksa tak tahu apa nama orang yang membaca tesis kita tak tahu jadi kita letaklah sinopsis kalau misalnya cerita ni saya ambil 20 cerita rakyat letak 20 sinopsis kat bawah ni dalam ni mesti letak perlu letak ya. Kemudian kita pergi ke tadi bahan semua prosedur. Jadi prosedur kita ini kita kena letak kekadang ada terpulang kepada pelajar dan juga penyelia. Ada prosedur yang dia letak dalam bentuk point 1 2 3 4 5 sampai 10 ada yang letak dalam bentuk perenggan bermakna kalau ada 5 prosedur letak lima perenggan boleh tak ada masalah. Asalkan kita tahu bahawa prosedur pertama ada kaitan dengan prosedur kedua ada kaitan dengan ketiga keempat adalah kaitan. Janganlah nombor satu awak kata awak ambil apa nama ni awak panggil pelajar ataupun tadi ikut objektif satu dia kenal pasti skrip wacana tekstual awak ambil skrip animasi tersebut kemudian awak analisis dengan menggunakan ni ni ni ni tiba-tiba prosedur kedua awak dah panggil pelajar untuk untuk beri pendapat bilanya panggil budak tu apa membaca skrip tu bila pula tu macam soalan langkah itu prosedur tu tiap-tiap langkah dah melompat-lompat jadi salah. Jadi pastikan ini ni terpulang bentuk point atau bentuk perenggan tetapi perenggan tetapi pastikan ia mengikut macam mana awak jalankan kajian. Itu penting langkah-langkah bagaimana langkah kajian untuk awak je yang tau orang lain semua tak tau. Jadi kena langkah satu-satu.
Okay balik kepada 3.5 merupakan analisis. Analisis ini penting ya sebab sekarang ini kita ada dua objektif. Jadi awak huraikan mengikut objektif pun boleh jadi awak huraikan analisis pertama apa digunakan dengan cara macamni. Jadi di sinilah awak akan letak yang awak buat coding tadi. Ingat tak coding yang saya cerita kat dalam dekat dalam bab 4 tadi macam contoh sekejap ya contohnya awak dah buat coding SK 1 hingga SK 30 merupakan skriplah, skrip satu. S1 hingga S30, sampel 1 sampai sampel 30. Jadi ini analisis ni awak kena jelaskan dan huraian tadi awak jelas itu SK ini biasa dia kadang-kadang dia orang buat dalam bentuk jadual iaitu dalam maksudnya sini SK maknanya ni skrip. Okay bermakna SK 1 maknanya skrip 1. Sampel tadi nak pakai sampel satu bermakna sampel satu ini dia punya kotak nanti huraian ceritalah SK merujuk kepada apa-apa dan hurai sebab coding ini penting sebab dalam data kalau tak ada coding coding kita nak letak ni kita tak faham tak kanlah kita nak cek kali nak taip tekan skrip 1,2 3. Tak bolehlah macam tu kan. Dan juga yang ini pula sebelum awak dah ni kena adalah pula satu lagi jadual yang menunjukkan SK 1 maknanya cerita apa Cenderawasih. SK 2 cerita apa okay burung pipit. Contoh dia ini tajuk tajuk daripada skrip, skrip yang awak dah dapati daripada cerita skrip cerita animasi tu tadi kena letak nilah lepastu hurai, kemudian bawah tu barulah awak ceritakan macam mana awak analisis data tersebut berikan contoh macam mana awak analisis. Jadi yang ini kadang-kadang pelajar pandai dia tengok bab 4 macam mana dia bawa empat-empat tu sikit letak kat sini contoh analisis supaya pemeriksa faham oh begini cara di analisis rupanya untuk objektif satu. Oh begini cara di analisis untuk objektif dua. Asingkan cara awak huraian tentang analisis objektif satu dengan objektif 2 dan objektif ketiga. Disitulah bahawa yang pemeriksa akan faham cara analisis data ini.
Seterusnya setelah dia buat macam mana analisis, kita ada 3.4 kerangka teori. Jadi kerangka teori ini 3.4 kerangka teori ya, ini dah betul-betul tulisan doktor. Saya sendiri tak faham. Okay, kerangka teori ini ialah pemilihan teori awak, teori apa jadi sekarang tadi kita memilih teori analisis wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019, jadi lukis lah kerangka nama pun rangka kan. Jadi rangka tulis sini teori, analisis wacana kemudian awak letak tadi seperti yang awak dapat tadi lah. Sekejap ya saya ambil. Okay ini, jadi inilah rangka dia, okay ini rangka dia kemudian bawah ini rajah satu dari analisis wacana Normaliza Abdul Rahim 2019, kemudian bila dah ada yang ini ini tadi ke tiga point berapa 3.4. Okay kerangka teori. Dah sudah ini barulah bawah ini huraikan tentang teori rajah 1 di atas …….. dan dalam inilah awak huraikan satu per satu ni huraian-huraian ni tentang teori Normaliza Abd Rahim Ini yang ini sahaja lebih kurang 2 hingga 3 halaman sebab ini penting kerana huraian tentang teori ini penting kerana macam saya katakan sebelum ini bahawa kita menganalisis data kita jalankan kajian mesti berpaksikan teori. tak ada teori memang payah nak jalan. Jadi takkan kita nak pakai analisis je. Ada juga saya dapati bila saya jadi pemeriksa viva ya, ada juga pelajar yang bila dia bentang-bentang memang terkejut lah mata mata saya terbuntang sekejap, ternganga sekejap sebab dia kata oh tiada teori yang digunakan lebih masa tu memang terkejut memang tak tahu apa nak buat macam mana boleh analisis data tiada teori. Dia kata oh saya rasa, ini semua main saya rasa je ni memang tak kemanalah. Rasalah sendiri ya. Jadi sekarang ni rajah satu huraikan semuanya tiap-tiap satu ini tapi ingat ya huraian tentang teori janganlah salin bulat-bulat macam contohnya teori saya ada dalam buku saya ni kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi teori dan aplikasi, Ada dalam buku ni ada jugalah budak pergi salin bulat-bulat ingatkan kita ni tak tengok ke saya rajin membaca ya. Jadi Jangan ubah ayat itu orang kata kena parafrasa. parafrasa ayat-ayat itu jadi tapi kena sebut nama Nurul normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 kandungan bla bla bla bla bla bla jadi ceritakan. Ceritakan tentang teori dan juga dalam teori ini awak boleh juga cerita tentang teori analisis wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim merujuk rujuk kepada teori yang dicadangkan oleh siapa siapa-siapa sebelum ini, memperbaiki teori yang terdahulu sebab teori yang lama semua yang dia dapati 1980, 1977 terlalu lama sedangkan kita kena kita perlu tahu yang bahawa pada zaman dulu kita manusia pun berbeza. Kita dah kita sekarang manusia dia lebih banyak bercakap dan berani bercakap secara maya dan juga sebenarnya itu memang boleh buat kajian banyak ya.Dan juga bila bercakap sekarang kanak-kanak kecil kita tanya satu dia jawab 46. Jadi dulu memang zaman dulu memang orang tua-tua cakap kita tanya dia satu soalan dia jawab 10 tapi sekarang zaman 2020 kita tanya satu soalan dia jawab 47 jawapan. Memang kita nak dengar sampai kita kata stop, dia tak berhenti- berhenti bagi jawapan siap kita pergi supermarket beli barang tak habis lagi bagi jawapan. Itu sekarang kanak-kanak sekarang. Sebab itu kita tidak bolehlah boleh pakai tetapi kadang-kadang tidak relevan dengan keadaan sekarang ini tambahan pula jika kita nak buat kajian tentang interaksi tentang ujaran tentang penulisan berbeza dulu punya tahun 6 dia punya tatabahasa berbeza dengan sekarang dengan tahun 6 yang nak dekat sama macam tingkatan 5 zaman dulu. Jadi sangat berbeza sebab itulah kita kalau jumpa teori yang baharu kita pakai yang baharu sebab sebab orang yang membuat kajian yang pernah melahirkan teori ini dia telah membuat beratus-ratus kajian sebelum dia dapat satu kajian teori ini. Seperti juga teori analisis wacana Normaliza Abdul Rahim ini, dia ni dah buat kajian nak dekat beratus baru dapat teori ini. Itu pun jenuh bertukar-tukar cuba ni lagi cuba eksperimen ini lagi eksperimen itu tak jadi tak jadi, Akhirnya dia dapat satu yang boleh sesuai dengan keadaan zaman digital kita sekarang ini. Okay, setelah gerak buat kerangka teori ini kita ada 3.5 kerangka konseptual. Jadi kerangka konseptual ini kali ini mengikut penyelia masing-masing lah sebab ada ada penyelia yang mengatakan kerangka konseptual tu seperti tatacara ada yang mengatakan ini bukan kerangka konseptual ada mana-mana tak okay ini saya dan jelaskan dalam buku ini sebenarnya semua ini tertakluk kepada penyelia fakulti dan Universiti. Dia cuma panduan je buku ni saya tak suruh pun beli buku ni tapi kalau nak cari lah kat Shopee pun ada jual. Saya pun terkejut UPM ada kata kat shoppee pun boleh beli. Okay, ini sekarang ini kalau kita lihat contoh yang saya nak tunjukkan tentang kerangka ni, okay ini yang sebelah kiri inilah ini menunjukkan kerangka konseptual. Ini untuk ini cakap ini saya yang saya kalau macam saya katakan tadi mungkin penyelia lain berbeza dia kata ini bukan kerangka konseptual. Ini macam tatacara ini, ini ada yang kata itu ada yang kata oh ini lah cara lain macam ni lain tak apa jangan bimbang jangan gusar belajar ya pelajar ikut je cakap penyelia masing-masing ingat ya yang ini hanya panduan je saya nak ajar ni pun cara saya nak bagi supaya awak dapat bayangkan oh ini cara dia tapi bila awak buat mungkin lain tidak mengapa tak ada masalah ya. Jadi sekarang ini bila terangkan konseptual tu ada dia letak dalam satu halaman dia bila tulis konseptual ada bila kita lihat sekali sedangkan awak dah hurai semua ni dalam bab 3 tapi bila sekali saya tengok baru saya faham alur itu oh gunakan ini instrumen oh bahan dia ini .Jadi kita dapat lihat lah dengan lebih jelas ini kalau saya nak terperinci saya patah balik tengok dia punya huraian bagi tiap-tiap satu satu subtopik itu. Bagi saya Itulah kerangka konseptual jadi bagi pelajar terpulanglah macam mana tapi ini bagi saya jelas. Okay, kalau nak tengok bahan, okay macam ni nak tengok lebih terperinci tengok dekat dalam bab tiga alat. Jadi ini diletakkan di akhir. Jadi yang ini 3.5 ini tidak perlu huraian langsung tak perlu huraian kerana huraian sudah pun dibuat letak je atas ni satu halaman memang habis.
Kemudian
3.6 terus masuk kesimpulan jadi dalam kesimpulan ini macam biasa simpulkan
dalam satu perenggan. Ingat ya macam saya katakan tadi semua bab ada kesimpulan
kecuali bab 5 semua bab pada pengenalan tiada kecuali jadi kena ada. Setiap bab
pengenalan memang huraikan apa dalam bab. Okay. untuk bab tiga okay, biasanya
tanya Prof berapa halaman ya bab 3. Jadi bab 3 ni kita sebenarnya tak sebab
kita cuma benda-benda semua huraian yang kita punya ya. Jadi tak perlu banyak
bukanlah sampai 40 halaman. Okay, dalam ni pun dia ada nyatakan biasanya yang
ini saya saya kata tak perlu banyak 10 hingga 12 macam tu jangan sampai 20
halaman. Kalau 28 halaman bendalah awak nak buat. Mungkin yang banyak tu di
sini sinopsis cerita. Mungkin itu yang banyak tetapi yang lain-lain tu semua
sebab kita jelas ya macam kita cerita cerita pasal sampel okay ini,ini dia okay
bahan ini dia. Kalau contoh kita buat kajian tentang Instagram contohnya kan,
Jadi kita letak bahan kita boleh screen capture satu contoh letak dekat situ.
Okay, contoh yang Instagram tulah kita boleh letak kat situ tapi ini tak boleh
tak perlulah sebab kita ada sinopsis bagi 20 cerita itu jadi lebih panjang
dapatlah lebih kurang 10 hingga 12 halaman. Sebab ini bukan bab analisis ini
bab metodologi cara kita menjalankan kajian. Okay, selain daripada itu saya
rasa untuk bab 3, kalau lihat semua dah saya jelaskan dengan terperinci dan
juga huraian bagi setiap satu tu kena panjang ya sampai lokasi bahan kena
panjang kadang-kadang ada juga pelajar yang letak data rintis. Contohnya, dalam
prosedur lepas proposal tentang rintis. Kajian rintis, boleh juga sebab kita
nak, maklumkan bahawa kajian rintis dijalankan kadang-kadang dia letak bertiga okay,
boleh juga nak diletakkan di situ supaya kadang-kadang ialah kajian rintis
melibatkan soal selidik. Soal selidik kadang-kadang dirintiskan sebanyak 2 atau
3 kali round pun tak betul jugak lagi. Cuba lagi banyak kali sehinggalah soal
selidik itu betul-betul sempurna. Jadi itu kita boleh jelaskan dalam ini tapi
jika tidak melibatkan soalan tak apa kalau contohnya tadi mana tadi ya okay,
dalam bahan ini tadi ini bahan sebab kajian ini melibatkan skrip skrip kan,
Jadi kalau melibatkan soalan temubual maknanya dalam sini kena ada dalam inilah
kena ada satu lagi iaitu instrumen. Okay,sebab ni tadi sebab tak pakai jadi
yang kalau melibatkan soal selidik kena adalah instrumen. Jadi di sinilah awak
kena huraikan instrumen apa soal selidik. Okay,
jadi dalam soal selidik biasanya awak letak jelah kalau kadang-kadang
orang letak kat lampiran boleh juga letak lampiran tapi jelaskan apa yang ada
okay, bahagian A mengandungi lima soalan apa dia, bahagian B apa dia, bahagian
C apa dia jumlah soalan apa ni ni ni. Okay ini 3.3.4.1 lepas tu awak ada buat
soalan temubual. Temubual pula macam mana jalan temubual dijalankan huraikan di
sini dan juga soalan temubual tu letaklah soalan satu apa dia dua,tiga ,empat
,lima ,enam, tujuh. Di sinilah kalau nak letakkan tentang kajian rintis. Jadi
adalah semuanya di sini. Itu kalau awak pakai instrumen. kalau tak ada tak
perlu letaklah, jadi sekarang kena ada Jadi kalau misalnya soal selidik tu tak
nak letak kat sini biasa orang letak dalam lampiran. Temubual soalan temubual
boleh letak sebab tak banyak biasa soalan. Jadi biasanya kajian itu dijalankan
kita perlu adalah apa triangleasion maknanya sekarang dalam bahagian ini memang
kita ada temu bual kita ada soal selidik
dan juga mungkin lagi satu dia ada buat pemerhatian. Yalah kalau dia nak jumpa
pelajar itu dan juga dia ni kena ada pemerhatian ya. Okay, pastikan bahawa bila
ada pemerhatian itu kita kena jelaskan lah dengan pelajar macam mana cara dia.
Okay, Adakah awak pasang video letak kat tepi awak perhatikan dia temu bual antara
awak dengan pelajar tu atau dua orang pelajar kat depan awak kena letak lah
video itu kena ceritakan, ceritakan itu cara-cara di sini cara-cara pemerhatian
tu dijalankan. Lepas tu masalah masa prosedur tu awak cerita jelaskan yang step
by step tadi, Step by Step daripada mula sampai habis kalau nak asingkan ikut
objektif pun tak apa sebab objektif satu tadi berbeza dengan objektif kedua.
Okay, boleh faham tak ni jadi saya harap yang ini saya ulang balik kita ada
pengenalan, reka bentuk okay, tengok sinilah senang. Kita ada pengenalan, reka
bentuk, kaedah, kita ada sampel, lokasi, bahan atau instrumen ini memang ada
nyata sini saya tertinggal tadi maaf ya. Jadi kita ada bahan kita jelaskan bahan
kalau kita ada bahan lah. Lepas tu kita asingkan dengan instrumen-instrumen
yang kita gunakan. Jadi kalau ada kedua-duanya bubuh dua-dua sekali tapi
pastikan penomboran itu berbeza kerana kita ada prosedur analisis dan kemudian
kita ada ke kerangka teori dan kerangka konseptual. Dan akhirnya kesimpulan
jadi dalam bab ini lebih kurang 10 hingga 12 paling banyak pun 15. Jadi biasanya
Jangan pelajar dia buat sampai 15 halaman sebab tak ada apa yang kita boleh
jelaskan dengan panjang lebar ya. Jadinya yang bab 3 ni sangat penting. Biasa
bab 3 ni untuk kajian kita makna huraian tentang bagaimana cara kita nak
menjalankan kajian. Jadi yang dalam ini ya ingat ya tak perlulah saya dan tak
perlulah bila awak tulis sampel kemudian definisi sampel. Nak buat apa kita tak
mahu nak baca. Lepastu tentang lokasi, ada juga pelajar definisi lokasi menurut
kamus Dewan bla bla bla memang lah nak
kena garis dengan pen merah. dah tu tak perlu definisi-definisi semua tak perlu
sebab yang ini semua ni kita punya pelajar punya. Kecuali yang ini je kalau
mungkin awak nak cerita sikit. Tapi bukanlah definisi tapi adalah rujukan
bolehlah. Kalau takda rujukan tak ada masalah sebab ingat bab 3 ni kita punya
kecuali teori. Teori bukanlah kita punya itu sahaja teori tu bukan kita punya
sebab kita nak bagi pemeriksa faham tentang macam mana kajian kita dijalankan
kita nak bagi tahu bahawa pelajar-pelajar lain bila baca merujuk tesis kita,
mereka boleh faham terus tentang
bagaimana kajian kita ni dijalankan ya.
Teks terjemahan
Methodology (Chapter 3)
Okay we are enter to chapter 3. Chapter 3 is a methodology. This methodology is indeed ours when misinterpreted. If the description is wrong, everything is wrong. so if we look in chapter 3.Okay we have many subtopics of the purpose so that we ourselves understand the degree of examiner also understand other people outside anywhere in Malaysia abroad when reading also understand because we describe in our way of conducting research. That is called methodology. So here we see we have many subtopics yes many subtopics here namely introduction, study design, research methods. The research method is divided into samples if necessary, meaning if there is we use the sample and also we have the location if we use the respondent to go to school near where the villagers to then we have materials or research instruments we have analysis techniques right to left to conceptual as well as conclusion. Okay, as usual our introduction earlier in one paragraph there is no problem that is 3.1 introduction. Then we have a design. Okay, the design in the descriptive design is in short actually in one paragraph because we do not confuse we are just in this design we just want to explain that we use qualitative or quantitative methods. Okay, so if we use both we explain. Okay so if for example you want to make a little reference near here to according to anyone but it is reasonable not to give a definition, want to do what we want for a quantitative definition then what is qualitative want to do, there is no need for this. Only we give that reason remember chapter 3 is a description of our study that we want to conduct this so in one paragraph of the story of the qualitative or quantitative article or both.
Then we go into the new 3.3 research method. Only then do we want to conduct a study of what method we use. So if here we use our sample, we will place it. So if it's okay, let's give an example if my study sample, I used 20 students so now I have to make sure that I have to explain in detail that I wear this, I wear Primary School boys how many girls how old 9 years old must be specific yes must be specific. If the boys and girls have to write how many boys how many girls okay this primary school our primary school students have said primary school not later we have another subtopic that is location. In this location we have to put my example, for example, Sekolah Kebangsaan Serdang. The problem now is I know the school where the examiner does not know okay the examiner sees that he may live in another country he does not know where we may put the coordinates okay. And better place the map. Map from Google Map to what clearly shows the location of this school from the main road than to make this school right here and also and also need to know this school in rural or urban so it must be clear the detail that I said in this methodology must be detailed so location. Then we have okay material just now we have what this name we have this study just now about the textual discourse of the animated script. So now we have a sample I have a location. Okay this study is indeed a sample because we took the school students for us to interview about the animation script that I created. I also have material or instruments. I use this one but animation right, script animation so now tell me about this material story about script animation published by Dewan Bahasa Pustaka written by Norliza Abd Rahim this year. This is a script animation, I wrote the songs and lyrics of all the script songs I made were published by Dewan Bahasa Pustaka and if you want to see it, you can see it in the Google Store, I already have 33 stories and 33 songs in the Google Store. Is a sudden promotion. Okay, now it is possible if anyone wants to show it to a nephew or a neighbor who has a nephew or a neighbor who has a neighbor, a nephew or a child, he or she can also be cheap, in fact we sell and all that animation is what I made and Dewan Bahasa Pustaka who derive their meaning the language is good and script is the script of our Malay hereditary well see at Google. Apple Store does not exist. Okay, so now that we have included this material, then here we will also put what is the synopsis of folklore. For example, the title of folklore number one is paradise, for example I am located here I need to put a synopsis because now we need to remember we know this story but the examiner does not know what the name of the person reading the thesis we do not know so we put a synopsis if for example this story I take 20 folklore put 20 synopsis below in here must be put need to put yes. Then we go to the material of all procedures. So our procedure we have to put sometimes is up to the students and also the supervisor. There are procedures that he puts in the form of points 1 2 3 4 5 to 10 some he puts in the form of paragraphs meaning that if there are 5 procedures to place five paragraphs can be no problem. As long as we know that the first procedure is related to the second procedure there is a connection with the third the fourth is related. Don't be number one you say you take what name you call the student or just follow objective one he identifies the textual discourse script you take the animated script then you analyze using this suddenly the second procedure you called the student to give opinion when calling the boy what to read the script when it is like a step-by-step question the procedure every step has jumped so wrong. So make sure this depends on the shape of the point or the shape of the paragraph but the paragraph but make sure it depends on how you conduct the study. Those are important steps how the study steps for you je who know others all do not know. So one step at a time.
Back to 3.5 is an analysis. This analysis is important because now we have two objectives. So you describe according to the objective can also be you describe the first analysis of what is used in this way. So this is where you will put the coding you did earlier. Remember, the coding that I told you about in chapter 4 earlier is like a brief example, yes, for example, you have coded SK 1 to SK 30, it is a script, a script. S1 to S30, sample 1 to sample 30. So this analysis you have to explain and the explanation earlier you are clear that this SK is normal. Sometimes people make in the form of a table that is in the meaning here SK means this script. Okay means SK 1 means script 1. Sample just want to use sample one means this sample one has a box later description tell SK refer to anything and explain why this coding is important because in the data if there is no coding we want to put this we do not understand, we don't want to check next time, we want to type press script 1, 2 and 3. It can't be like that, right? And also this one before you got it is another table that shows SK 1 meaning the story of what paradise is. SK 2 story about sparrows. For example, this is the title of the script, the folkfore that you found from the script of the animated story had to be placed here and then explained, then below that you will tell how you analyze the data give an example of how you analyze. So this is sometimes a clever student he looks at chapter 4 how he brought the four of them a little put here an example of analysis so that the examiner understands oh this is how it is analyzed apparently for objective one. Oh this is how it is analyzed for objective two. Separate the way you describe the analysis of objective one with objective 2 and objective three. That is where the examiner will understand how to analyze this data.
Next, after did some analysis, we have 3.4 theoretical framework. So this theoretical framework, this is exactly what the doctor wrote. I myself do not understand. Okay, this theoretical framework is the selection of your theory, what theory so now we chose the theory of discourse analysis Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019, so draw the name framework as well as the framework. So the outline here is theory, discourse analysis and then you put it as you got it. I took it for a moment. Okay this, so this is theoritical framework, okay this is theoritical framework then below is figure one of Normaliza Abdul Rahim's discourse analysis 2019, then when there is this one just now to three points how many 3.4. Okay theoretical framework. Already this, then below describe the theory of figure 1 above and in this you describe one by one these descriptions of the theory of Normaliza Abd Rahim. This alone is about 2 to 3 pages because this is important because the description about this theory is important because as I said before that we analyze the data we run the study must be centered on theory. There is no theory that it is difficult to walk. So we do not want to use only analysis. I also found that when I became a viva examiner, yes, there were also students who when they were really surprised, my eyes widened for a moment, gaping for a moment because he said oh no theory was used overtime, I was surprised and did not know what to do how can data analysis no theory. He said oh I think, this is all the play I think this is nowhere to be found. Feel for yourself. So now this is a diagram describing everything, but remember the description of the theory, do not copy it completely, for example, my theory is in my book, this is a discourse study and communication theory and application, There is in this book there is also a boy went to copy completely remind us not to look at me diligently read yes. So do not change the sentence people say paraphrased. The paraphrase of the verses is so, but it is necessary to mention the name of Normaliza Abd Rahim 2019 content and etc. So tell it. Tell about the theory and also in this theory you can also talk about the theory of discourse analysis Normaliza Abd Rahim refers to the theory proposed by anyone before, improve the previous theory because the old theory all he found 1980, 1977 is too old whereas we have to know that in the old days we humans were different. We are now human beings he speaks more and dares to speak virtually and also in fact that can do a lot of research yes. And also when talking now small children we ask one he answered 46. So in the old days it was old people- Old said we asked him one question he answered 10 but now in 2020 we ask one question he answered 47 answers. Indeed, we want to hear until we say stop, he does not stop for a ready answer, we go to the supermarket to buy unfinished goods for the answer. That's now kids now. That is why we can not use it but sometimes it is not relevant to the current situation moreover if we want to do a study on the interaction of utterances about different writing used to have year 6 he has a different grammar than now with year 6 who want to be close to the same level 5 times ago. So it is very different that is why if we find a new theory we use a new one because the person who made the study who gave birth to this theory she has done hundreds of studies before she got a study of this theory. Like Normaliza Abdul Rahim's discourse analysis theory, she has done research to get hundreds of new people to get this theory. That too is saturated exchanging try this again and try this experiment again the experiment did not happen. Finally, she got one that can suit the current state of our digital age. Okay, after moving on to this theoretical framework we have 3.5 conceptual frameworks. So this conceptual framework this time according to their respective supervisors is because there are supervisors who say the conceptual framework is like the procedure some say this is not a conceptual framework there is nothing wrong with me and explain in this book in fact all this is subject to faculty supervisor and University. She is just a guide for this book, I did not ask him to buy this book, but if you want to find it at Shopee, there is also sale there. I was also surprised that UPM said that shoppee can also buy. Okay, this is now if we look at the example I want to show about this framework, okay this is the one on the left here this shows the conceptual framework. This is for this I say this I am, if I like I said earlier maybe other supervisors are different and said this is not a conceptual framework. This is like this procedure, this is someone who said that there is someone who said oh this is another way like this, it's okay, don't worry, don't worry about studying, yes, students follow me, each supervisor will say yes, this is just a guide, I want to teach this way I want to share so that you can imagine oh this is his way but when you do something else it doesn't matter there is no problem. So now when she explains the concept, she puts it in one page, when she writes the conceptual, we see it once, while you have explained all this in chapter 3, but when I look at it, I only understand the flow, oh, use this instrument, oh, this material. So we can see this more clearly if I want to detail I break back to see and has a description for each one of those subtopics. For me that is the conceptual framework so for students it depends on how but this for me is clear. Okay, if you want to look at the material, okay like this I want to look in more detail at a closer look in chapter three tools. So this is put at the end. So this 3.5 does not need a direct description, there is no need for a description because the description has already been placed on top of this, one page is finished.
Then 3.6 continues to enter the conclusion so in this conclusion it is normal to conclude in one paragraph. Remember as I said earlier all chapters have conclusions except chapter 5 all chapters on introduction are not except so there must be. Each introductory chapter does indeed describe what is in the chapter. For chapter 3 okay, usually they ask Prof 'how many pages for chapter 3'?. So chapter 3 we actually do not because we are just things all the descriptions we have. So there is no need for more than 40 pages. Okay, in this also stated that usually this is what I said I do not need many 10 to 12 like that do not reach 20 pages. If you have 28 pages of stuff you want to make. Maybe that's a lot here is a synopsis of the story. Maybe that's it many but the others are all the reasons we are clear like we tell stories about this sample okay, this material. If for example we do a study on Instagram for example, so we put the material we can screen capture an example put near there. Okay, the example that Instagram plague we can put there but this can not be necessary because we have a synopsis for the 20 stories so longer can be about 10 to 12 pages. Because this is not a chapter of analysis this chapter of methodology the way we conduct research. Okay, apart from that I think for chapter 3, if you look at everything I have explained in detail and also the description for each one has to be long yes until the location of the material has to be long sometimes there are also students who put the pilot data. For example, in the procedure after the proposal about the pilot. Pilot study, can also be the reason we want, inform that pilot study is carried out sometimes she puts three, can also want to be placed there so that sometimes is a pilot study involving questionnaires. Questionnaires are sometimes piloted 2 or 3 times even incorrectly. Try again and again until the questionnaire is completely perfect. So that we can explain in this but if it does not involve questions it does not matter if for example where it was just now okay, in this material just now this material because this study involves script right, So if it involves interview questions the meaning here must be in here must be the other is the instrument. Okay, this is the reason why it is not used so if it involves a questionnaire, it should be an instrument. So this is where you have to describe the instrument of the questionnaire. Okay, so in the questionnaire you usually put it clear that sometimes people put it in the attachment can also put the attachment but explain what is okay, part A contains five questions what he is, part B what he is, part C what he is the total number of questions ni ni. Okay this is 3.3.4.1 then you have an interview question. The interview is how the interview process is described here and also the interview question put the question one what is he two, three, four, five, six, seven. This is where you want to put about a pilot study. So it is all here. That's if you use an instrument. If there is no, there is no need to put it, so now it has to be there. Interview questions can be placed because there are not many common questions. So usually the study is conducted we need is what triangleasion means now in this section we have an interview we have a questionnaire and also maybe another one she has for observation. That is, if she wants to meet the student and also she has to have an observation. Okay, make sure that when there is an observation we have to explain to the student what kind of way he is. Okay, did you put a video by your side watching him interview between you and the student or two students in front of you have to put the video to be told, the story is the ways here the ways of observation are carried out. After that, the time problem of the procedure, you can explain the step by step earlier, step by step from start to finish, if you want to separate follow the objective, it doesn't matter because the first objective is different from the second objective. Okay, I can understand this so I hope this one I repeat we have an introduction, design okay, look here is easy. We have an introduction, design, method, we have a sample, location, material or instrument, it is real here, I was left behind, sorry. So we have the material we explain the material. Then we separate it with the instruments we use. So if there are both put in two at once but make sure the numbering is different because we have an analytical procedure and then we have to theoretical framework and conceptual framework. And finally the conclusion so in this chapter is about 10 to 12 at most 15. So usually do not students make up to 15 pages because there is nothing we can explain at length. So this chapter 3 is very important. This chapter 3 is usually for our study the meaning of the description of how we want to conduct the study. So deep in this remember I do not need and do not need when you write a sample then the definition of the sample. Want to do what we do not want to read. Then about the location, there are also students definition of location according to the dictionary really want to be lined with a red pen. There is no need for definitions, all is not necessary because we all have students. Except for this one, if possible you want to tell a little story. But it is not a definition but a reference. If there is no reference, there is no problem because remember this chapter 3 we have except theory. The theory is not that we have that only because we want the examiner to understand about how we conducted our study want to know that other students when we read refer thesis, they can understand directly about how our research is conducted.
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